Disorders of Extreme Stress, Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS): Characteristic of DESNOS is trauma which involves interpersonal victimisation, multiple traumatic events, or events of prolonged duration. Disturbances in six areas of functioning are required for the diagnosis: (1) regulation of affect and impulses; (2) attention or consciousness; (3) self-perception; (4) relations with others; (5) somatisation; and (6) systems of meaning.

DESNOS is not a distinct diagnosis identified in the DSM-5, but its symptom constellation has been identified in numerous research studies.